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Educational Administration: Philosophy and Curriculum Transaction

Philosophy is a set of belief and values which may direct the behavior and action of an individual which may vary person to person. School philosophy is a set of beliefs which may influence the role and place of teacher, students and school administration. Curriculum is a center of whole teaching learning process. Construction and successful transaction of curriculum may also influence by the distinct philosophy of the school.Teacher centered philosophies tend to more authoritarian and conservative in comparison of learner centered philosophies of education. Permissive schools give opportunities to all learners to manage the learning practices and to make their own decisions.Likewise, the permissive schools promote teacher autonomy at every stage of learning. Teachers are welcomed to take participation into the process of curriculum construction and implementation.    Behaviorist approach believe in controlling behavior and managing classrooms through a system of reward...

Solid Waste Management

Due to population growth and tremendous consumerism, exploitation of natural resources is at its peak. And we have an important obligation to protect the environment in front of us. When the whole world is uniting on the issue of Global Warming and Climate Change, our greatest responsibility as a human being and society is to live in harmony with nature and according to that we have to mold our genre. SWM best step taken in this direction is being proved. Garbage disposal, recycling, energy production from waste all these are called waste management. Recycling makes many consumer goods available again in the market, which is reducing the exploitation of natural resources. Recycling of aluminum, copper, steel, glass, paper and many types of plastics can be done. By recycling of metals, many items are available in the market and demand reduces in the mining according to demand. By recycling the paper, many trees   can be stopped to cut. At the same time, the optimum utilization ...

PRIORITY SECTOR LENDING

Introduction Priority Sector Lending refers to those sectors of the economy which may not get timely and  adequate  credit in the absence of this special dispensation. The  Reserve Bank of India  (RBI) has given Priority Sector Lending as an important to other banks for providing a specified portion of the bank lending to few specific sectors like agriculture and allied activities, micro and small enterprises, poor people for housing, students for education and other low income groups and weaker sections. This is essentially meant for an all round development of the economy as opposed to focusing only on the financial sector. The work titled ‘priority sector lending in India’ primarily focuses on understanding the concept of priority sector lending (hereinafter PSL) or directed lending. It focuses on the informative approach and tries to answer few necessary questions in order to explore the concept of PSL and its presence in Indian governance. The ...

Cartel leniency in India: An Overview

Cartel is a formal or informal agreement among number of firms in an industry to restrict competition. These agreements may provide for setting minimum prices, setting limits on output or capacity, restrictions on non-price competition, division of markets between firms either geographically or in terms of type of product, or agreed measures to restrict entry to the industry to create a monopoly in a given industry. Generally, cartels operate within industries where the products are homogeneous in nature, have no substitute and consumer demand would remain more or less unaffected by the change in price of the products. For instance, in cement industry, consumers would continue to buy the product irrespective of its price as there is no substitute for cement in construction. Some of the harm inflicted by cartels on the economy and the general public may include:   1)       Consumers being forced to pay higher prices for goods or service or alternative...

The Risk of Cryptocurrencies

Cryptocurrencies are a libertarian ideal: a monetary system outside the control of big government. The modern digital world provides the necessary components for a cryptocurrency to succeed. Computing power has advanced sufficiently to lower the processing burden of cryptography. Now systems are both powerful enough and affordable enough that there is a sufficiently large audience for a cryptocurrency system. But where cryptocurrencies solve some of the fundamental problems of centralized currencies, they also introduce some new problems while still falling victim to other, age-old problems. Bitcoin is synonymous with cryptocurrency for a lot of people. It was an early cryptocurrency system, and the first to achieve a large scale of adoption. Since 2007 when Bitcoin appeared, the cryptocurrency space has increased exponentially. Special-purpose cryptocurrencies add new features. But Bitcoin includes two pieces of technology that are applicable to a wide variety of cryptocurrenci...

Gigabit & Fast Ethernet Networks by LASER Beam

Growth of Ethernet: Today, approximately 90% of business data starts and ends on Ethernet LANs. Gigabit Ethernet has emerged as the corporate standard, because it is inexpensive, widely understood, and backwards compatible to existing Ethernet networks. Despite the recent telecom downturn, enterprises worldwide are still spending roughly $82 billion a year on WAN and Internet access services. Corporate and campus LANs are seeing substantial infrastructure growth as local bandwidth requirements create building-to-building bottlenecks. Gigabit Ethernet solutions from laser beam quickly add the economical bandwidth that is required in today’s networks and the return on capital investment can often be justified in less than one year. Typical Applications: The most widespread application for Laser beam is to provide wireless campus LAN extensions between buildings. Many customers also use Laser beam for high-bandwidth backhaul to Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Laser beam is al...

PRELIMINARY VICTORY FOR INDIA: AS ICJ RULED STAY ON EXECUTION TILL FINAL DECISION

ICJ ruled in the favour of India invoking provisional measures under ICJ, statutes art. 41. It has asked Pakistan to stay execution of Mr Jadhav, till the final decision of the court.   The order of ICJ was stated by president, Ronnie Abraham with reason that it has passed the test of imminent risk and prejudice test which can affect the rights of the Mr Jadhav, questioned under the art. 36 of Vienna Convention on Consular Relation,1963. As the execution order by Pakistan came without any information and access opportunity availed to Mr Jadhav and consular access was denied after several request made by India. Provisionally court without going in to the other details ruled that as art 36 read with 2008 consular agreement between India and Pakistan qualifies the provisional measures under art. 41 of the statutes and the court has the jurisdiction. Taking the note of urgency in the plea mentioned by India, the international court considered by interpreting the argument advanced by...