Quantum Computing: Applications in Cryptography, Optimization, and Simulation
Quantum computing represents one of the most ground breaking technological advancements of the 21st century. Unlike classical computers that rely on bits, which are either 0 or 1, quantum computers use qubits —quantum bits—that can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to quantum superposition. This fundamental difference enables quantum computers to process vast amounts of data and solve certain types of problems exponentially faster than their classical counterparts. Among the most promising areas of application are cryptography , optimization , and simulation —fields where quantum computing could usher in transformative changes. Cryptography Cryptography is the science of securing communication, and it lies at the heart of modern digital systems, including banking, secure messaging, and military operations. The current security infrastructure largely depends on the difficulty of certain mathematical problems, such as factoring large integers (...