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Showing posts from September 8, 2017

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT- A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

“I believe that more people would be alive today if there were a death penalty.” ―  Nancy Reagan Capital Punishment is the legal infliction of death as a penalty for violation of criminal law of the land. Since time immemorial people have been put into death for various forms of wrong doing. Methods of execution have included such practises as crucifixion, stoning,drowning, burning at the stake, impaling and beheading. Today capital punishment is typically accomplished by hanging. The Death penalty is a process, where the life of a person is taken by the State by following the due procedure of law. Capital punishment is, in all cases, given for the most heinous of crimes. During recent times, there has been a global trend to abolish the capital punishment. However, India has yet not abolished the capital punishment (though the Court awards the capital punishment in rarest of the rare case). What makes the capital punishment a unique form of punishment is the nature of i...

Skill Development for Persons with Disabilities in India:

Globally persons with disabilities constitute about 15 percent of the total population and at least 785 million of them are of working age. Presence of such huge number of working age disabled persons can have serious consequences for growth and development of a country if specific skills and talents of disabled persons, particularly of the youth with disabilities, are not channelized and properly utilized in the labour market. International Labour Organization estimates that the annual loss of global gross domestic product (GDP) due to the exclusion of persons with disabilities from the labour market is over 1 trillion US dollars. For developing countries, there is a particularly greater need to make use of their huge number of working aged disabled persons to productive use in order to increase national growth and economic development. Increasing employment levels of disabled people has an overall positive impact on both the amount of goods and services the economy can produce and ...

CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY

Corporations are as much part of our society as any other social institution. Corporations represent a distinct and powerful force at regional, national and global levels and they wield enormous economic/financial powers. Besides governments and governmental agencies, it is the corporations that are the more and more effective agents of action in our society. The multitude of roles the corporations play in the present day human life have been necessitated by the demands of the society, as it kept on ‘developing’ . The development of the society, at various points of time, has had a direct influence on the structure and functions of the corporation. This had led to an ever increasing demand for the law to recognize the change and suit its applications, accordingly. Over the last few decades nature and form of a corporate sector has grown complex. In last two decades of 20th century, we saw globalization and privatization of every type of business entities all over the world and this g...

Constitutional Validity of Tax levied on Sanitary Pads (Tampon Tax)- whether they are Essential Commodity or Luxury Commodity

Levying of tax on sanitary pad (tampon tax) is violative of Article 15(1) of the Constitution or not. It is not necessary to tax sanitary pads when condoms are exempted from GST. Most importantly  sanitary pads are essential commodity or luxury commodity for a woman. And this debate started with the petition filed by Sushmita Dev, a Congress MP from Silchar constituency in Assam which says, “Women are being taxed 12 months a year, for about 39 years on a process they have no control over.She also urged that sanitary pads should be made tax free as they are a necessity for every woman. I being a female is paying tax on sanitary pads (tampon tax)and every women in the country is paying the tax for the same every month. Every woman is being taxed for being women.And the reason behind is that sanitary pads are seen as “luxurious commodities”. What is Tampon Tax  The so-called tampon tax is a sales tax on feminine hygiene products which are used to absorb menstrual blood. ...

PRELIMINARY VICTORY FOR INDIAIN KULBHUSAN JADHAV CASE: AS ICJ RULED STAY ON EXECUTION TILL FINAL DECISION

ICJ ruled in the favour of India invoking provisional measures under ICJ ,statutes art. 41. It has asked Pakistan to stay execution of Mr Jadhav, till the final decision  of the court.  The order of ICJ was stated by president, Ronnie Abraham with reason that it has passed the test of imminent risk and prejudice test which can affect the rights of the Mr Jadhav, questioned under the art. 36 of Vienna Convention on Consular Relation,1963. As the execution order by Pakistan came without any information and access opportunity availed to Mr Jadhav and consular access was denied after several request made by India. Provisionally court without going in to the other details ruled that as art. 36 Vienna Convention on consular elation read with 2008 consular agreement between India and Pakistan qualifies the provisional measures under art. 41 of the statutes and the court has the jurisdiction. Taking the note of urgency in the plea mentioned by India, the international court consider...

DATA WAREHOUSING FOR RFID

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology which is used to identify objects with the help of radio waves. RFID technology is used in various fields like hospitals, supply chain, asset management, security etc. RFID technology plays a major role in companies as they can optimize business processes and reduce operational costs.   Every industry deals with activities such as preparing ledgers, invoice, quantity sold as well as purchased inventory, in-patient billing, maintaining accounts, shipping address, client address and so on. These activities act as very important repository system that is used to run businesses. Similar kind of information is stored in operational systems but this operational system can store only current data. Thus, these operational systems can only helps us in making day to day decisions considering the current data, it doesn’t store the past information which is essential for any organization to analyze and compare its past performance with ...

Cryptographic techniques for mobile network

To transmit securely over an insecure channel is the most arduous task to be dealt with in today’s era of mobile communication. As mobile systems extend their data transmission, cell phones, as with some other Internet gadget, turn out to be generously presented to Internet security vulnerabilities. All the security threats that we are familiar with in the Internet, invade the cellular wireless networks as well, and translate into risks for commercial transactions, corporate data and personal information. Secured communication in ad hoc wireless networks is primarily important, because the communication signals are more vulnerable as they propagate through air and are more susceptible to attacks ranging from passive eavesdropping to active interfering. The lack of any central coordination and shared wireless medium makes them more vulnerable to attacks than wired networks. Security is the combination of processes, procedures, and systems used to ensure confidentiality, authenticati...