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Showing posts from May, 2017

HUMAN RIGHTS IN RETROSPECT

Throughout the course of human civilization, man has been in the quest and struggle for peace, justice and freedom. Today, in every part of the world, men, women and children of all faiths and languages, of every colour and creed, are shouting for Human Rights. Why? Because, Human Rights, being inherent, inalienable and universal, cannot be denied to any person living on this planet. They are inherent in the sense that they are the birthright of all human beings and people enjoy them simply by virtue of their human existence. They are inalienable in the sense that people cannot agree to give them up or have them taken away from them, and universal in the sense that they do not just apply to individuals as “citizens” or groups but to all persons regardless of their group identities. In simple terms, Human Rights are what make us human, Human Rights are what reason requires and the conscience demands. Human Rights are the expression of these traditions of tolerance in all cultures that...

Maternity Benefit Amendment Act, 2017 and Private Sector Employees

A women becoming the mother fulfills her duties just not for her family but for the society as well. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) (1948) pronounced the special rights of children for the first time by providing that " motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance ". The General Assembly in 2003 opined that " early childhood is a crucial period for the sound development of young children. Missed opportunities during these early years cannot be made up at later stages of the child's life." As per the standards set out by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in the Maternity Protection Convention, 2000, member states have been recommended to provide atleast 14 weeks of maternity leave. The Maternity Protection Recommendation, 2000 of the ILO recommends a longer period of 18 weeks for maternity leave. The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 in India regulates the standard of employment of women in establishments before ...

Rights and obligations of Issuer, Participant and Beneficial owner under the Depository Act, 1996

As per section 17 of depository Act the rights and obligations of the depositories, participants and the issuers whose securities are dealt with by a depository shall be specified by the regulations. Under the Depository Act, 1996 depository means a company formed and registered under the Companies Act, 1956, and which has been granted a certificate of registration by SEBI under sub-section (1A) of Section 12 of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 ). (Section 2(1) (e)) Work of Depository- The word ‘depositary’ is defined as “the party of the institution (company) receiving a deposit. A depository holds securities (like shares, debentures, bonds, Government Securities, units etc.) of investors in electronic form. Besides holding securities, a depository also provides services related to transactions in securities. It acts as a trustee of the owner since the securities are entrusted with him in trust. He is also the agent of the owner of the securities. Thus...

Disaster Recovery by Optical Wireless

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Imagine a major network outage – your fiber optic cable has been severed by a construction crew or an earthquake has severed your network feed. It is a critical link between buildings. What do you do? Optical Wireless Communication offers you rapidly deployable, secure high bandwidth restoration services. It is a next generation Free Space Optics (FSO) technology offer fiber-like data rates and availability with the true simplicity and ease of use of a wireless solution. FSO solution can be rapidly deployed to support your emergency needs. As an example, FSO can be installed in less than 30 minutes, once power and data connections are routed to the site, using FSO’s simple alignment system. Indoor (through windows) or outdoor installations are possible. Better yet, FSO can be deployed proactively to provide diverse path backup for your critical links. In the event of an emergency causing the primary path to fail – the data is automatically routed over the FSO beam path m...

ANFIS- ADAPTIVE NEURO FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM

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Neuro-fuzzy systems are those fuzzy systems which are based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) theory in order to determine their properties by processing data samples. It harnesses the abilities of both fuzzy logic and ANNs. The mathematical properties of ANNs are required for tuning rule based fuzzy systems which approximate the human’s way of processing information. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is a specific approach of Neuro-Fuzzy methodology. ANFIS shows significant results in modelling of nonlinear functions. The data sets describing system behaviour provides parameters for membership function. Learning in ANFIS is done by adjusting system parameters according to a given error criterion. The ANFIS model has higher accuracy rates than that of self-contained neural network model. Fuzzy sets and fuzzy sets operations are the subjects and verbs of fuzzy logic. If-Then rule statements are used to formulate the conditional statements that comprise fuzzy logic. Fuzz...