Emergence of Artificial Intelligence

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Birth of AI:  It was in August 1956 some mathematician and scientists gathered at Dartmouth College to discuss about how to make machines simulate human learning and any other feature of intelligence. The workshop ended with no consensus the name artificial intelligence was picked up for the field they discussed about.  This was the birth of the AI field. Arthur Samuel then put forward the concept of machine learning. In 1987 IEEE conferred the computer pioneer award to Arthur Samuel who was a pioneer in the field of machine learning.  The period from 1956 – 1976 was a flourishing period of this field

Declining Period of AI: Failure of some of the projects such as machine translation and negative effect of some academic reports led to the reduction of expenditure on this field. This further led to the declining of this field. The period 1976 - 1982 was the declining period for AI.

Flourishing Period of AI: Again the field started rising in mid 80’s. Expert systems capable of logic deduction and solving problems in specific domains prevailed and also fifth generation computers showed up. Also, in 1985 decision tree models with stronger visible effects using AI that broke through limitations of early sensing machine showed up. The period 1982- 87 was a flourishing period.

Declining Period of AI: Again in 1987 the technical field encountered its bottleneck, abstract reasoning lost its popularity and models based on symbolic processing lost their advantages. The period 1987 – 1997 was the declining period of AI.

Recovery Period of AI: The computing performance began improving. Geoffrey Hinton and his students initiated the study of the deep learning. Internet technology started to be widely used. The recovery period was from 1997 – 2010.

Explosive Growth Period of AI: This is period of very fast growth of the AI. Microsoft released the world’s first virtual assistant Cortana. This is the information and data environment period. Computing capability improved multifold with the emergence of multiple-model data such as massive images, videos and texts. The period 2010 onwards till date falls in this category.

Summary: AI and its other emerging branches such as machine learning, data science, are nowadays offered across all major universities and institutions. JIMS offers four years B.Tech degree in AI with specialization in machine learning and data science.

 

Dr. Ravinder Nath Rajotiya

HOD ECE

JIMS Engineering Management Technical Campus, Gr. Noida

 

Reference: Overview of Artificial intelligence, Huawei, Training Material

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