Fundamental Concepts in Electrical System design

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A substation system is a set or arrangement of components so related or connected to perform a common function. Each system has a definable function to which the system components contribute.The functions of a substation are as following:
(a) To isolate a faulted element from the rest of the utility system.
(b) To allow an element to be disconnected from the rest of the utility system for maintenance or
repair.
(c) To change or transform voltage levels from one part of the utility system to another.
(d) To control power flow in the utility system by switching elements into or out of the utility
system.
(e) To provide sources of reactive power for power factor correction or voltage control.
(f) To provide data concerning system parameters (voltage, current flow, power flow) for
use in operating the utility system

Substation designers break a substation down into smaller pieces so that they can develop design criteria, prepare calculations, write specifications for purchasing and construction, and prepare descriptive drawings. Defining substation systems and then dealing with each of them individually makes substation design manageable and understandable,and these small pieces are the systems that together make up a substation. A substation consists of many systems which may be broadly classified into the following categories:
(a) Site Related Systems.
(b) Switchyard Systems.
(c)Control Building Systems.
(d) Protection, Control, and Metering
(e) Auxiliary Systems


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