Mobile IP

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Mobile IP is a protocol standard that build on the Internet Protocol by making  mobility transparent to applications and higher level protocols. Internet Engineering Task Force proposed mobility by allowing the mobile node to use two IP addresses: 1) a fixed home address 2)           a care-of address (changes at each new point of attachment). To maintain transport protocol layer connection two entities were introduced FA(foreign agent) and HA(home agent). A Point of Attachment can be defined as the access point of an entity into a network.




The process for redirecting IP packet flow destined to the MN’s old location to the MN’s current attachment point.When a MN moves to a new sub network, packets are not delivered to the MN at the new location until the Care-of-Address (CoA) registration to HA is complete. Handoff  takes place in two ways for heterogeneous network: Horizontal  handoff takes place between Base Station, uses  same network technology for access point. Vertical  handoff takes place between different types of networks.             @Upward vertical handoff : larger cell size and lower bandwidth. @Downward vertical handoff : smaller cell size and higher bandwidth.

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