Epistemological Perspective of Education

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Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerned with reality, existence, values, reason and knowledge. Scope of philosophy is connected with axiology, epistemology. Epistemological branch of philosophy dealt with origin and nature of knowledge.

It is the focus upon our means for acquiring knowledge. It also observes true nature of knowledge & beliefs, how these beliefs and knowledge are justified in the mind of an individual. Epistemological beliefs are based on two fundamentals i.e. rationalism and empiricism. Rationalism advocates that our knowledge is acquired primarily through mind. Empiricism advocates that true knowledge can be acquired through our senses. Education is a process to transmit and construct knowledge. In the present scenario epistemology is focused on the social dimensions of knowledge and inquiry. The fundamental epistemic aim of education is truth and rationality. There are many ways to transmit the truth but we must provide an opportunity to check or to verify that truth in the light of present needs. Teaching indoctrination and beliefs can be classified into three broad concepts one is indoctrination located in the aim of educator, the method applied to transmit the beliefs and the character or content of doctrines transmitted. The indoctrination results, when successful in student’s acquisition of both specific beliefs and habit or dispositions to believe independently of the evidential beliefs. Absolutism, pluralism and relativism is an another aspect of epistemological believes on education.

In addition inclusion, exclusion and multi culture in relation to social justice in education exists. In the light of this view students with diverse cultural background should have equal opportunities and should not be penalized for their cultural diversities. Thus, we can conclude epistemological frame focuses on the nature of knowledge and how we come to know about it. Present system of education follows major educational philosophies- perennialism or eternal, essentialism, progressivism and reconstructionism. The perennialism believes on the truth that all humans are rational being their need to be developed. The highest priority in education is the cultivation of intellect, curriculum focus on attaining cultural literacy and the focus to teach ideas that are everlasting. Essentialism believe on common core of knowledge that need to be transmit in a systematic way. The core of the curriculum is necessary knowledge and skills. School must prepare a student as valuable member of the society. Progressivism advocate education must focus on child rather than content or teacher. Student must test ideas by active participation and experimentation; learning is rooted in the question of learner. The learner must act like problem solver and thinker. Thus, in this perspective a progressive approach and the fundamentals suggested by the progressivism is more valid and suitable to verify and construct new knowledge.

 Ultimately knowledge acquired should be everlasting with emphasis on principles rather than facts.

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